"Unilateral Atypical Venous Drainage of the Lower Limb: A Case Report of Novel Anatomical Variations in an Anatomy Lab Donor"

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

3-27-2026

Publication Title

Developmental Dynamics

Abstract

Introduction: Venous drainage of the lower limb is divided into superficial and deep systems. The dorsal venous arch drains into the great saphenous vein (anteromedially) and small saphenous vein (posterolaterally). Typically, the great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein, while the small saphenous vein terminates in the popliteal vein. Variations in this pattern have been reported, especially related to implications for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Research Aim/Objectives: We present a novel case of multiple venous variations in a single anatomical donor and discuss the importance of its clinical implications. Materials and Methods: A full-body dissection of an 85-year-old male donor was performed by medical students at OUWB School of Medicine. A focused dissection of the lower limb, with photographic documentation, was conducted to identify anatomical variations and rule out surgical remnants. Results: An unusual venous pattern was observed in the donor's right lower limb. The small saphenous vein bypassed its typical termination in the popliteal vein, instead draining into a hypertrophic deep femoral vein. Two posterior tibial veins were noted, one terminating in the popliteal vein and the other in the deep femoral vein. The femoral vein distal to the profunda femoris vein was hypotrophic, indicating the majority of thigh and leg venous drainage was via the profunda femoris system. The left lower limb displayed typical venous anatomy. Discussion: A unique case of unilateral atypical venous drainage raises several clinical considerations. Previous studies have linked variations like these to conditions such as sciatic nerve compression and pseudoclaudication due to abnormal venous termination. Venous variations may also contribute to varicose veins, as seen in cases involving the Giacomini vein. Additionally, variations in superficial venous drainage, such as duplication of the great saphenous vein, have been associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis. Significance: Documenting anatomical variations can improve surgical outcomes, refine diagnostic accuracy, and enhance medical education. This case highlights the need for continued research into the clinical implications of lower limb venous variations to better inform treatment and diagnostic protocols.

Volume

254

Issue

7

First Page

589

DOI

10.1002/dvdy.70043

ISSN

10588388

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