A Unified Framework for Van 't Hoff's Law: Addressing the Complexity of Osmotic Concentration

Authors

• Serena Y Kuang, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Faculty
• Xiaonan Li
• Xiaoqi Yang
• Eric Jones, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Faculty

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-1-2025

Publication Title

R Soc Open Sci

Abstract

The original van 't Hoff's law established the theoretical foundation for osmosis but applies only to ideal solutions and membranes. To address real-world complexities (non-ideal solutions, diverse membranes, etc.), multiple variations have emerged over a century. In resolving osmosis-related conceptual issues, our previous work introduced several new fundamental concepts to fill gaps in the study of osmosis and redefined osmotic concentration (OC) as a membrane-dependent, osmosis system-level parameter, not a parameter of any isolated solution. This article examines the multiple factors influencing the initial OC (OC

Volume

12

Issue

9

First Page

250622

Last Page

250622

Recommended Citation

Kuang SY, Li X, Yang X, Jones E. A unified framework for van 't Hoff's law: addressing the complexity of osmotic concentration. R Soc Open Sci. 2025;12(9):250622. Published 2025 Sep 15. doi:10.1098/rsos.250622

DOI

10.1098/rsos.250622

ISSN

2054-5703

PubMed ID

40959416