Unstable Slow Oscillations Couple with Epileptogenic Fast-Rhythm Bistability in Sleep-Related Epilepsy: A Stereoelectroencephalographic Study.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

3-10-2026

Publication Title

Epilepsia

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Although slow waves in δ (.5-4 Hz) characterize non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, in patients with sleep-related epilepsy, seizures most frequently emerge during NREM stage 2, known to be promoted by δ-band instability. Meanwhile, the epileptogenic zone (EZ) shows localized bistability in β-γ-band (15-200 Hz) neuronal oscillations, indicating a catastrophic shift toward seizure. We aim to clarify the mechanistic link between δ-band synchrony and β-γ-band bistability in epilepsy.

METHODS: We studied a cohort of 14 patients with sleep hypermotor epilepsy (22.3 ± 10.8 years old, seven males). Seven- to 9-h stereoelectroencephalographic sleep recordings were segmented into 10-min uninterrupted, interictal N2 and N3 epochs, and phase synchrony, phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), and bistability were assessed. Canonical correlation was examined to answer whether PAC links δ phase to β-γ bistability.

RESULTS: Compared to non-EZ, the EZ exhibited larger 15-200-Hz bistability along with stronger 2-8-Hz and 15-100-Hz synchrony throughout N2 and N3. Compared to N3, N2 showed stronger PAC between 2-30-Hz phases in the non-EZ and 5-150-Hz amplitudes in the EZ. Canonical correlations between δ phase modulated PAC, and both bistability and synchrony were identified during N2 (r = .86 and .82) and N3 (r = .84 and .80), with the strongest contributors being 2-4-Hz synchrony and bistability in 2-4-Hz and 15-200-Hz bands. Correlations between interictal spikes and canonical covariates of bistability and PAC (r

SIGNIFICANCE: δ-Band synchrony and β-γ-band bistability are not isolated epileptogenic mechanisms but likely act synergistically, playing a pivotal role in seizure generation through the coupling of δ phases and β-γ amplitudes across large networks, with significant contributions from nonepileptogenic tissues.

Comments

Helen DeVos Children's Hospital

DOI

10.1002/epi.70188

ISSN

1528-1167

PubMed ID

41804706

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