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Evolving Understanding of Renal Progenitor (Stem) Cells in Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology
Ping L. Zhang and Olaf Kroneman
Publication Date: 3-24-2024
In the embryonic kidney, the mesonephros functions transiently during early fetal development. By the second month, most disappear, but a few become gonad-associated components. The permanent kidney develops from the metanephros that contributes to the development of glomeruli, proximal tubules, and distal tubules under the induction of the ureteric bud generating the renal pelvis and collecting ducts. In the metanephros-associated kidneys, the parietal epithelial cells, as progenitor (stem) cells, stain positively for CD133 (a progenitor cell marker) and differentiate into visceral epithelial cells (also called podocytes). The podocytes then provide nutrients and paracrine factors to glomerular basement membranes, glomerular endothelium, and mesangial cells. Under some pathologic conditions, the parietal epithelial cells can either generate cellular crescents in the primary crescent glomerulonephritis or produce immature hyperplastic podocytes in the collapsing glomerulopathy. In normal proximal tubules, CD133-positive progenitor cells are scattered along the proximal tubules, particularly at the turning niche of each tubular segment. The tubular progenitor cells appear to serve as oxygen-sensing receptors related to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-associated oxygen-sensing system. Under hypoxic conditions, the tubular progenitor cells first spread their signals to the nearby tubular cells. Eventually, CD133-positive signals can be detected in all injured proximal tubular epithelial cells for regenerative repair. The chapter will provide readers with evolving understanding of where progenitor cells originate in the kidney, their roles in different renal diseases, and some potential directions for further research using renal progenitor cells.
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Decker: Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation
Lisa Cohen
Publication Date: 2017
Decker: Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation is the only continuously updated online resource for teaching principles and practice of nephrology. It is the perfect resource for institutions and hospital attendings, clinical consultation, reference, patient care, and teaching. Written by internationally prominent authors, this continuously updated resource includes principles and practice based reviews, comprehensively covering the specialty.
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Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018
Paul Kellerman and Lisa Cohen
Publication Date: 5-25-2017
Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2018 is the most efficient, intuitive, and thorough resource of its kind, trusted by physicians to provide current diagnosis and treatment recommendations for hundreds of common medical conditions. The renowned "5 books in 1" format organizes vast amounts of data in a user-friendly, accessible manner, allowing quick retrieval of essential information. You’ll find guidance on diseases and disorders, differential diagnoses, and laboratory tests– updated annually by experts in key clinical fields. Medical algorithms and clinical practice guidelines round out the core content.
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